NCERT
Textbook Question
Q.1-what do get from cereals,
pulses, fruits and vegetables?
Ans-1) the cereals (i.e.,
wheat, rice, maize, millets and sorghum) provide us carbohydrates.
2) The pulses (i.e., gram, pea, black
gram, green gram, pigeon pea, lentil, etc.) give up protein.
3) The fruits and vegetables give us
carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and lots of fibers.
Q.2-how to biotic and abiotic
factor affect crop production?
Ans-crop production can go down
due to biotic (diseases due to infection by viruses or fungi, insect and
nematodes) and abiotic (drought, salinity, water logging, heat, cold and frost)
stresses under different situations.
Q.3-what are the desirable
agronomic characteristics for crop improvement?
Ans-If we develop those
varieties of crop with contain desired agronomic traits (e.g., high yield,
dwarfness, early maturing, etc.) then it will help in setting higher
production. Thus, tallness and profuse branching are desirable characters for
fodder crops. Dwarfness is desired cereals, so that less nutrients are consumed
by these crops. Dwarf varieties of cereals also provide protection from
lodging.
Q.4-what are the macronutrients
and why are they called macronutrients?
Ans-the macronutrients the
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur. They are
called macronutrients because they are required by crop plant in large amount.
Q.5-how do plants get
nutrients?
Ans-There are three different
sources from where a plant gets the 16 essential nutrients: air, water and
soil. The nutrients taken from air and water are carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
and taken by stomata (of leaf), lenticels (of stem) and root-hair (of
roots).Rest 13 nutrients are obtained from soil. These 13 nutrients remain
dissolved in water in the soil and absorbed by the plant roots.
Q.6-Compare the use of manure
and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.
Ans-Manure contains many
organic substance of biological origin which can be easily degraded and absorbed
by plants. It helps in recycling of biological waste. Manures increase the
fertility of soil for long duration without causing any harm. However, the
chemical fertilizers (e.g., urea) improve soil fertility for short duration but
causes environment hazard. Continuous use of fertility in particular area/crop
field causes destruction of soil fertility.
Q.7-Which of the following conditions will give the most
benefits? Why?
(a) Farmers use high-quality seeds, do not adopt
irrigation or use fertilizers.
(b) Farmers use ordinary seeds, adopt irrigation
and use fertilizer.
(c) Farmers use quality seeds, adopt irrigation,
use fertilizer and use crop protection measures.
Ans-The condition of (c) will give the most benefits because
all these condition are required for good crop production. High quality seed
germinate properly and grow to healthy plants. Irrigation helps crop plants to
fight against draught stress. Fertilizer provide desired nutrients and crop
protection measures (e.g., use of pesticides, etc.) protect the crop plant from
disease, weeds and pests.
Q.8-Why
should preventive measures and biological control methods be preferred
for protecting crops?
Ans-preventive measures (such as use of resistant varieteas
of crops ) and biological control methods sould be preferred for protection of
crops because they are ecologically safe, target specific and harmless to other
life forms.
Q.9-What
factors may be responsible for losses of grains during storage?
Ans-there are two main factors responsible for lose during storage
A. biotic factor include
1.
Insects, e.g., grubs of pulse beetle; grubs and
adult of rice weevil; wheat weevil; catter pillar of grain and flour moth; larvae
and adult of rust red flour betel lave of rice moth and grubs and adults of lesser
grain borer.
2.
Rodents, e.g., striped squirrvle; house rat;
house mouse; lesser bandicoot rat; etc.
3.
Birds, e.g., parakeet; sparrow; bulbul; blue
rock pigeon; crocks; etc.
4.
Mites.
5.
Fungi.
6.
Bacteria.
Q.10-Which
method is commonly used for improving cattle breeds and why?
Ans-the milk production of cattle can be increased by the technique
of selective breeding. This is done by ross breeding between a local breed (indigenous
breed, e.g., red sindhi, sahiwal) cow and an exotic (foreign breed, e.g., Brown
Swiss) bull. The local cow is selected for the character of disease resistance.
The breeding may be done by natural methods or by artificial insemination
(i.e., injecting the semen obtained from the desired bull into reproductive
tract (vagina) of cow during fertility period). The desired characters are thus
obtained in the next generation.
Q.11-Discuss
the implications of the following statement:
“It
is interesting to note that poultry is India’s most efficient converter of low fiber food
stuff (which is unfit for human consumption) into highly nutritious
animal protein food.”
Ans-poultry
birds utilize such agricultural products which are unfit for human consumption.
In return, they give us eggs and high quality meat which serve as cheap source
of animal protein.
Q.12-What
management practices are common in dairy and poultry farming?
Ans-In
both dairy and poultry farming, there are:
i. Maintenance of temperature
ii. Proper housing facilities having hygienic conditions
iii. Proper feeding
iv. Prevention and control of diseases and pests.
Q.13-What
are the differences between broilers and layers and in their management?
layer
|
broilers
|
1.
Layers are egg-laying birds, managed for the purpose of
getting eggs.
2.
Layers start producing egg at age of 20 week. So they are
kept for layer period depending upon laying period (about 500 days).
3.
They require enough space and adequate lighting.
4.
They require restricted and calculated feed with vitamins,
minerals and micronutrients.
|
1)
Broilers are maintained for getting meat.
2)
They are raised up to 6-7 weeks in poultry farms and then
sent to market for meat production.
3)
They require conditions to grow fast and low mortality.
4) Their daily food requirement
(ration for broilers) is rich in protein and vitamin A and K. The fat content
also should be adequate.
|
Q.14-How
are fish obtained?
Ans-There
are two methods of obtaining fish:
1)
Capture fishing-In which the fish
are obtained from natural resource such as fresh water resource.
2)
Culture fishing- It is the practice
of farming fishes. Farming can be done in both freshwater ecosystem (which
includes river water, pond water) and marine ecosystem.
Q.15-What
are the advantages of composite fish culture?
Ans-composite
fish culture is also called polyculture
of fishes. It is advantageous, economical and profitable from business point
of view. It yields about 8-9 times more production as compared to monoculture.
In composite fish culture, 9 or 6 species of fast growing fish are cultured in
single fish pond which does not compete with each other for space and nutrition.
They live in distinct zones inside the pond and have distinct feeding habits.
For example, a highly yielding Indian fish pond may contain following six
species of fishes:
1)
Silver carp which is surface feeder and feeds on phytoplankton.
2)
Catla which is also a surface feeder but it feeds on
zooplankton.
3)
Rohu which is column feeder and it feeds on detritus.
4)
Grass carp which feds on aquatic plant (including weeds).
5)
Marigal which is bottom feeder and it feed on detritus.
6)
Common carp which is omnivorous bottom feeder.
Q.16-What
are the desirable characters of bee varieties suitable for honey production?
Ans-The
desirable characters of bee varieties suitable for honey production are:
1)
They stingless.
2)
They stay for longer periods in given bee hive.
3)
They breed well.
4)
They produced comparatively more honey and wax.
Q.17-What
is pasturage and how is it related to honey production?
Ans-pasturage
is the availability of flower for nectar and pollen collection for the
honeybee. The Quality and taste of the hone is determined by the kind and quantity
of pasturage.
NCERT CHAPTER-END-QUESTION
Q.1-Explain any one method of crop production which ensures
high yield.
Ans-To increase crop production, various agricultural
practices like mixed cropping, intercropping, crop rotation, hybridization,
etc. are in use. If same crop is grown year after year, it creates deficiency
of certain nutrients in the soil and soil loses its fertility. Crop rotation
helps in restoring fertility. It involves growing different types of crops on
the same piece of land in a specific succession. Crops chosen are such that
when one withdraws nutrients from soil, the other crop replenishes them. If
crop rotation is done properly, two or three crops can be grown in a year with
good yield.
Q.2-Why are manures and fertilizer used in fields?
Ans-Manures and fertilizers are added to enhance and enrich
the soil with both organic and inorganic nutrients. Manures also provide
porosity to the soil, increase its water retention and enhance activity of
microorganisms.
Q.3-What are the advantages of intercropping and crop
rotation?
Ans-Advantages of Intercropping
1. Productivity: Intercropping ensures greater crop yield.
2. Resource Utilisation:It helps in better utilization of
natural resources (land, water, nutrients and sunlight).
3. Erosion: It prevents soil erosion.
4. Harvesting: Each crop can be harvested, threshed and marketed
separately at different times, there is
no mixing of produce of these crops.
5. Efficiency: Intercropping saves time and labour of the
farmer.
Advantages of Crop Rotation
1. Fertility: The soil fertility is maintained for longer
period.
2. Chemical Nature: The chemical nature of soil is not
altered.
3. Pest and Weed Control: It helps in weed and pest control
through breaking the cycle by rotation of crop variety.
4. Economical: Crop rotation saves a lot of nitrogen fertilizers
and land is not left free of cultivation. As a result 2-4 crops are raised per
year. This increase income of farmer.
Q.4-What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in
agricultural practices?
Ans-Genetic manipulation is transfer of one or more
desirable genes from one plant of same or other species or variety to another.
The transfer of gene may be carried out by cross breeding, mutation breeding or
recombinant DNA technology. Through genetic manipulation, high yielding and
disease-resistant crop varieties can be produced.
Q. 5-How do storage grains losses occur?
Ans-Losses of stored grains may occur due to:-
a)
High moisture content of gains and increased
humidity in air provide suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms
which in turn disintegrate the food grains.
b)
Insert pests and enzymatic activity also damage
stored grains leading to the loss.
c)
Rodent, birds feed on grains.
d)
Weevils, pulse borers, khapra beetles also
damage by boring or feeding on stored grains.
Q.6-How do good animal husbandry practices benefit farmer?
Ans-Good animal husbandry practices benefits farmer by:-
a)
Good hygiene protects cattle and other animal
from infectious diseases.
b)
Clean and spacious shelter keeps animals
healthy.
c)
Proper healthy diet enhances growth and yield
livestock.
d)
Segregation of sick animals protects other
livestock.
e)
Vaccinations prevent and protect young animals
from common infections.
f)
All these steps lead to better yield of animal
products like milk, eggs and meat.
g)
Prevents loss of livestock due to diseases.
Q.7-What are the benefits of cattle farming?
Ans-The benefits of cattle farming are-
a a) Farming of milch animals, such as cow, buffalo,
goat and camel provide us with milk and milk by product like ghee, butter, paneer,
etc. use of exotic and hybrid varieties has resulted in white revolution.
b) Farming of draught animals, such as bullocks
provide animals for agricultural purpose, such as tilling, irrigation and
transport of food grains.
c) Growing fodder for cattle enriches soil.
d) Organic waste generated by cattle farming can be
used for manure.
e) It provides extra income.
Q.8-For increasing production, what is common in poultry,
fisheries and bee-keeping?
Ans-the common features among poultry, fisheries and
bee-keeping are:
a) Good quality of breeds.
b) Good, notorious food.
c) Proper clean, airy and well-lighted
accommodation.
d) Proper medical and health care to control
disease.
Q.9-how do you differentiate capture fishing, mariculture
and aquaculture?
Ans-capture fishing
a)
In capture fishing, the fishes are collected
from various natural source such as rivers, ponds, lakes and seas.
b)
No seeding or rearing of fish is required.
Mariculture
- .In maricultural, the fishes, shellfishes and sea weeds are cultured in coastal water.
- Fish and other organisms are seeded and rared.
Aquaculture
- . In aquaculture, economically important freshwater plants and animals, including fishes, are cultured in freshwater reservoirs.
- .Fish and other organisms are seeded and reared.